Entry Type
Name
Value
Parent Entry
Pharmacology Data Field
Agonist
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Pharmacology Data Field
- Oral: Around 45%
- Vaginal Ring: 55%
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Pharmacology Data Field
- PubChem: 13-27 h (35 μg ethinyl estradiol with 1 mg norethindrone)
- 7.7 h (single oral dose)
- PubChem: 36 +/-
13 h
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Pharmacology Data Field
97% bound. Mainly to serum albumin. No binding to SHBG, but induces SHBG synthesis.
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Physical & Chemical Properties Data Field
180-186 °C
(if polymorphic modification: 142-146 °C)
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Physical & Chemical Properties Data Field
BP: practically insoluble in water.
PubChem: 11.3 mg/L water at 27 °C.
PubChem, BP:
1 part in 6 of ethanol, 1 in 4 of ether, 1 in 5 of acetone, 1 in 4 of dioxane, and 1 in 20 of chloroform. Soluble in vegetable oils, and in solutions of fixed alkali hydroxides (e.g. NaOH, KOH)
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Physical & Chemical Properties Data Field
3.67
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Physical & Chemical Properties Data Field
Pubchem/Toxnet:
[3.5°] at 24° C/D (c = 2 in dioxane); [-29.5°] at 24° C/D (c = 2 in pyridine)
USP: -28° to -29.5°, 50 mg/mL in colorless pyridine from a freshly opened container
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Physical & Chemical Properties Data Field
1.95x10-9 mm Hg at 25° C (est)
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Pharmacology Data Field
Primarily in urine with sulfate and glucuronide conjugates. Some fecal excretion. Very small amounts excreted in milk.
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Toxicology Data Field
Adverse effects attributed to estrogenic and metabolic effects. Water and sodium retention, which may lead to weight gain, edema, and tender breast enlargement. Changes in libido and withdrawal vaginal bleeding. Liver function impairment, jaundice, and gallstones may occur. Headache, depression, dizziness, glucose intolerance, and a sensitivity to contact lenses have been reported. Nausea, vomiting and break through vaginal bleeding are not uncommon. Dermatological effects include chloasma, melasma, rashes, and urticaria. Erytheme multiforme and erytheme nodosum occur. Hypertension and thromoboembolic disease are reported.
Ortho Evra adverse effects: breast symptoms, headache, application site reaction, nausea, upper respiratory infection, menstrual cramps, abdominal pain.
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Identifiers Data Field
5991
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Pharmacology Data Field
- Inhibits CYP2C9,
CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP2B6
- After formation of very reactive intermediate by oxidation of C17 ethinyl, can irreversibly inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes (e.g. CYP2C8, CYP3A4). Thus it exerts strong effects on hepatic metabolism.
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2: agonist
- Bile salt export pump: inhibitor, inducer
- Sodium/bile acid cotransporter: inducer
- Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1:
inducer
- Multidrug resistance protein 1: substrate
- Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase
(UGT): inducer
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Pharmacology Data Field
For treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, female hypogonadism, prostatic carcinoma-palliative therapy of advanced disease, breast cancer, as an oral contraceptive, and as emergency contraceptive.
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Toxicology Data Field
- mouse intraperitoneal: 0.250 g/kg
- mouse oral: 0.950 g/kg (ChemIDPlus),
1737 mg/kg (PubChem)
- mouse subcutaneous: > 3 g/kg
- rat intraperitoneal: 0.471 g/kg
- rat oral: 0.960 g/kg (PubChem: 1200 mg/kg and > 5000 mg/kg)
- rat subcutaneous: > 2 g/kg
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)
Toxicology Data Field
human women: 0.21 mg/kg/21 days
Ethinyl Estradiol (API)