Dienogest

Dienogest (DNG) is a progestogen used in hormonal contraceptives and for the treatment of endometriosis.

Tags
Approvals
US FDA-Approved
dienogest

Identifiers

Abbreviation

DNG

info

References

Names

  • M-18575
  • MJR-35
  • SH-660
  • STS-557
  • ZK-37659
  • 17α-cyanomethyl-17β-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-dien-3-one
  • 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-19-nor-17α-pregna-4,9-diene-21-nitrile
  • (17-hydroxy-3-oxoestra-4,9-dien-17α-yl)acetonitrile
  • Cyanomethyldienolone

info library_books

CASRN

65928-58-7

info

References

PubChem CID

68861

info library_books

ECHA InfoCard

  • 100.167.087
  • EC /List #: 639-448-2

info library_books

IUPHAR/BPS

7654

info library_books

UNII

46M3EV8HHE

info library_books

KEGG Entry Number

D03799

info library_books

Wikipedia Entry Name

Dienogest

info library_books

ChEBI ID

CHEBI:70708

info library_books

ChEMBL ID

CHEMBL1201864

info library_books

ChemSpider ID

62093

info library_books

Physical & Chemical Properties

Molecular Formula

C20H25NO2

info

References

Molecular Weight

311.43 g/mol

info

References

Appearance

White, almost white, or slightly yellow crystalline powder

info library_books

References

  1. BP 2017: Dienogest monograph.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Melting Point

144-145

info library_books

Solubility

Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methylene chloride, slightly soluble in methanol

info library_books

References

  1. BP 2017: Dienogest monograph.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Specific Optical Rotation

-352 to -344, 0.125 g dried substance in methanol, diluted to 25.0 mL

info library_books

References

  1. BP 2017: Dienogest monograph.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Toxicology

GHS Hazard Code(s)

Class Category Code Description
Carcinogenicity 2 H351 Suspected of causing cancer if inhaled
Reproductive Toxicity 1A H360 May damage fertility or the unborn child
Reproductive Toxicity, Effects On or Via Lactation H362 May cause harm to breast-fed children

info library_books

Side Effects

In COCs with ethinyl estradiol: irregular vaginal bleeding, headache, breast pain, nausea/vomiting, depression, decreased libido

info library_books

References

  1. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Carcinogenicity

No evidence in vivo and in vitro.

info library_books

References

  1. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Mutagenicity

No evidence in vivo and in vitro.

info library_books

References

  1. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

LD50

  • mouse oral: 4 g/kg
  • rabbit oral: 1600 mg/kg
  • LDLo mouse intraperitoneal: 1 g/kg
  • LDLo mouse subcutaneous: 5 g/kg
  • LDLo rabbit intraperitoneal: 1.5 g/kg
  • LDLo rabbit oral: 1 g/kg

info library_books

Biochemistry & Pharmacology

Progesterone Receptor Activity

Agonist. Some antagonist behavior.

info library_books

References

  1. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  2. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  3. (View all citations for this reference)
  4. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  5. (View all citations for this reference)

Androgen Receptor Activity

Antagonist (40% of CPA, the most potent anti-androgenic progestin)

info library_books

References

  1. Sitruk-Ware, R.; El-Etr, M., Progesterone and related progestins: potential new health benefits. Climacteric 2013, 16, 69-78.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Africander, D.; Verhoog, N.; Hapgood, J. P., Molecular mechanisms of steroid receptor-mediated actions by synthetic progestins used in HRT and contraception. Steroids 2011, 76 (7), 636-52.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Sitruk-Ware, R.; Small, M.; Kumar, N.; Tsong, Y.-Y.; Sundaram, K.; Jackanicz, T., Nestorone®: clinical applications for contraception and HRT. Steroids 2003, 68 (10-13), 907-913.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Kuhl, H., Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration. Climacteric 2005, 8 Suppl 1, 3-63.
  8. (View all citations for this reference)
  9. Bartsch, V., Gynaecological uses of dienogest alone and in combination with oestrogens. Journal of Medical Drug Reviews 2015, 5, 1-31.
  10. (View all citations for this reference)
  11. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  12. (View all citations for this reference)
  13. Lello, S., Nomegestrol Acetate Pharmacology, Safety Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy. Drugs 2010, 70 (5), 541-559.
  14. (View all citations for this reference)
  15. Sitruk-Ware, R., New progestagens for contraceptive use. Hum. Reprod. Update 2006, 12 (2), 169-78.
  16. (View all citations for this reference)
  17. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  18. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  19. (View all citations for this reference)
  20. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  21. (View all citations for this reference)

Estrogen Receptor Activity

Weak or no agonist and antagonist activity

info library_books

References

  1. Africander, D.; Verhoog, N.; Hapgood, J. P., Molecular mechanisms of steroid receptor-mediated actions by synthetic progestins used in HRT and contraception. Steroids 2011, 76 (7), 636-52.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Sitruk-Ware, R., New progestagens for contraceptive use. Hum. Reprod. Update 2006, 12 (2), 169-78.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Bartsch, V., Gynaecological uses of dienogest alone and in combination with oestrogens. Journal of Medical Drug Reviews 2015, 5, 1-31.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Su, Y.; Lian, Q. Q.; Ge, R. S., Contraceptives with novel benefits. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012, 21 (1), 83-90.
  8. (View all citations for this reference)
  9. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  10. (View all citations for this reference)
  11. Lello, S., Nomegestrol Acetate Pharmacology, Safety Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy. Drugs 2010, 70 (5), 541-559.
  12. (View all citations for this reference)
  13. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  14. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  15. (View all citations for this reference)
  16. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  17. (View all citations for this reference)

Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity

Low to no activity

info library_books

References

  1. Africander, D.; Verhoog, N.; Hapgood, J. P., Molecular mechanisms of steroid receptor-mediated actions by synthetic progestins used in HRT and contraception. Steroids 2011, 76 (7), 636-52.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Su, Y.; Lian, Q. Q.; Ge, R. S., Contraceptives with novel benefits. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012, 21 (1), 83-90.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Lello, S., Nomegestrol Acetate Pharmacology, Safety Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy. Drugs 2010, 70 (5), 541-559.
  8. (View all citations for this reference)
  9. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  10. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  11. (View all citations for this reference)
  12. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  13. (View all citations for this reference)

Mineralocorticoid Receptor Activity

No activity

info library_books

References

  1. Africander, D.; Verhoog, N.; Hapgood, J. P., Molecular mechanisms of steroid receptor-mediated actions by synthetic progestins used in HRT and contraception. Steroids 2011, 76 (7), 636-52.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Su, Y.; Lian, Q. Q.; Ge, R. S., Contraceptives with novel benefits. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012, 21 (1), 83-90.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Lello, S., Nomegestrol Acetate Pharmacology, Safety Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy. Drugs 2010, 70 (5), 541-559.
  8. (View all citations for this reference)
  9. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  10. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  11. (View all citations for this reference)
  12. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  13. (View all citations for this reference)

Bioavailability

90-96.2%

info library_books

References

  1. Schindler, A. E.; Campagnoli, C.; Druckmann, R.; Huber, J.; Pasqualini, J. R.; Schweppe, K. W.; Thijssen, J. H. H., Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas 2003, 46, 7-16.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Bartsch, V., Gynaecological uses of dienogest alone and in combination with oestrogens. Journal of Medical Drug Reviews 2015, 5, 1-31.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Stanczyk, F. Z., Pharmacokinetics and potency of progestins used for hormone replacement therapy and contraception. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2002, 3 (3), 211-224. (View all citations for this reference)
  8. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  9. (View all citations for this reference)
  10. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  11. (View all citations for this reference)

Elimination Half-Life (t1/2)

8-10 h

info library_books

References

  1. Su, Y.; Lian, Q. Q.; Ge, R. S., Contraceptives with novel benefits. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012, 21 (1), 83-90.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Stanczyk, F. Z., Pharmacokinetics and potency of progestins used for hormone replacement therapy and contraception. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2002, 3 (3), 211-224. (View all citations for this reference)
  6. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  8. (View all citations for this reference)
  9. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  10. (View all citations for this reference)

Serum Protein Binding

90% bound to serum albumin, 10% free. No binding to SHBG or CBG.

info library_books

References

  1. Schindler, A. E.; Campagnoli, C.; Druckmann, R.; Huber, J.; Pasqualini, J. R.; Schweppe, K. W.; Thijssen, J. H. H., Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas 2003, 46, 7-16.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Su, Y.; Lian, Q. Q.; Ge, R. S., Contraceptives with novel benefits. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012, 21 (1), 83-90.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Ruan, X.; Seeger, H.; Mueck, A. O., The pharmacology of dienogest. Maturitas 2012, 71 (4), 337-44.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)
  7. Bartsch, V., Gynaecological uses of dienogest alone and in combination with oestrogens. Journal of Medical Drug Reviews 2015, 5, 1-31.
  8. (View all citations for this reference)
  9. WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 91: Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-Progestogen Menopausal Therapy. 2007, Lyon, France. (View all citations for this reference)
  10. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  11. (View all citations for this reference)
  12. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  13. (View all citations for this reference)

Excretion

Mainly via kidneys.

info library_books

References

  1. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)

Apparent Volume of Distribution

40 L from 2 mg/day oral dose

info library_books

References

  1. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Tmax

2 h

info library_books

References

  1. Schindler, A. E.; Campagnoli, C.; Druckmann, R.; Huber, J.; Pasqualini, J. R.; Schweppe, K. W.; Thijssen, J. H. H., Classification and pharmacology of progestins. Maturitas 2003, 46, 7-16.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Su, Y.; Lian, Q. Q.; Ge, R. S., Contraceptives with novel benefits. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012, 21 (1), 83-90.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  6. (View all citations for this reference)

Clearance

Oettel et al: 75 mL/h/kg
Foster et al: 3 L/h from 2 mg/day oral dose

info library_books

References

  1. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Enzyme Interactions

3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-Δ5-4-isomerase: inhibitor

info library_books

References

  1. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)

Minimum Contraceptive Threshold

Oettel: 4.0 ng/mL
Foster: 1 mg/day oral dose for inhibition of ovulation in cyclical women

info library_books

References

  1. Oettel, M.; Breitbarth, H.; Elger, W.; Gräser, T.; Hübler, D.; Kaufmann, G.; Moore, C.; Patchev, V.; Römer, W.; Schröder, J.; et al. The Pharmacological Profile of Dienogest. Eur. J. Contracept. Reprod. Heal. Care 1999, 4 (sup1), 2–13.
  2. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Foster, R. H.; Wilde, M. I. Dienogest. Drugs 1998, 56 (5), 825–833.
  4. (View all citations for this reference)

Indications

Indicated for use by women for pregnancy prevention. Also indicated for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in women without organic pathology who choose to use an oral contraceptive as their method of birth control. (PubChem) Menorrhagia, endometriosis (ChEMBL)

info library_books

Metabolites

Name
Structure
Notes

A number of other metabolites have been detected, including unspecified hydrogenation and hydroxylation products.

US FDA-Approved Products

Name
Formulation
Status
ANDA #
DIENOGEST: N/A, 2 mg, 3 mg, N/A, N/A ESTRADIOL VALERATE: 3 mg, 2 mg, 2 mg, 1 mg, N/A Oral tablet

Prescription

022252

ESTRADIOL VALERATE/ESTRADIOL VALERATE/DIENOGEST: 1 mg, 2 mg, 2 mg ESTRADIOL VALERATE/ESTRADIOL VALERATE/DIENOGEST: 3 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg Oral tablet

None (Tentative Approval)

202999

DIENOGEST: N/A, 2 mg, 3 mg, N/A, N/A ESTRADIOL VALERATE: 3 mg, 2 mg, 2 mg, 1 mg, N/A Oral tablet

Prescription

202349