1. APIs
  2. Levonorgestrel
  3. Metabolites
  4. 3α,5α-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel

3α,5α-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel

Structure

Source

Reduction of C3 ketone and C4-C5 double bond.

Notes

"Much smaller" amount present than the primary metabolite 3α,5β-tetrahydrolevonorgestrel. Sulfate and glucuronide conjugates are also present. Tetrahydrometabolites of LNG are reported to show estrogenic activity in vitro.

References

  1. Stanczyk FZ. All progestins are not created equal. Steroids. 2003; 68:879-90.
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  2. Besse, J. P.; Garric, J., Progestagens for human use, exposure and hazard assessment for the aquatic environment. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157 (12), 3485-3494.
    3. (View all citations for this reference)
  3. Stanczyk FZR, S. Metabolism of levonorgestrel, norethindrone, and structurally related contraceptive steroids. 1990; 42:67-96.
    4. (View all citations for this reference)
  4. PubChem: Levonorgestrel. (View all citations for this reference)
  5. Hazardous Substances Database: Levonorgestrel. (View all citations for this reference)